Lubricin‐Inspired Nanozymes Reconstruct Cartilage Lubrication System with an “In‐Out” Strategy

Abstract

Lubricin, secreted primarily by chondrocytes, plays a critical role in maintaining the function of the cartilage lubrication system. However, both external factors such as friction and internal factors like oxidative stress can disrupt this system, leading to osteoarthritis. Inspired by lubricin, a lubricating nanozyme, that is, Poly-2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid sodium salt-grafted aminofullerene, is developed to restore the cartilage lubrication system using an "In-Out" strategy. The "Out" aspect involves reducing friction through a combination of hydration lubrication and ball-bearing lubrication. Simultaneously, the "In" aspect aims to mitigate oxidative stress by reducing free radical, increasing autophagy, and improving the mitochondrial respiratory chain. This results in reduced chondrocyte senescence and increased lubricin production, enhancing the natural lubrication ability of cartilage. Transcriptome sequencing and Western blot results demonstrate that it enhances the functionality of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, III, and V, thereby improving mitochondrial function in chondrocytes. In vitro and in vivo experiments show that the lubricating nanozymes reduce cartilage wear, improve chondrocyte senescence, and mitigate oxidative stress damage, thereby mitigating the progression of osteoarthritis. These findings provide novel insights into treating diseases associated with oxidative stress and frictional damage, such as osteoarthritis, and set the stage for future research and development of therapeutic interventions.