Fc–Fc interactions and immune inhibitory effects of IgG4: implications for anti-PD-1 immunotherapies

Abstract

Fc-null IgG1 represents a safer choice for anti-PD-1 immunotherapies by avoiding both the adverse Fc-Fc interactions and Fc-related immune inhibitory effects of IgG4. Fc-null IgG4 S₂₂₈P-R₄₀₉K and Fc-null IgG1 displayed similar structural properties and benefits. This study contributes to the understanding of immunotherapy resistance and the advancement of safer immune therapies for cancer.