Enhancing Fenton-like degradation efficiency over a broad pH range through synergistic interactions among varied acidity sites in M1-O-M2 structures

Abstract

This study introduced a novel catalyst, Cu-Fe@CTS (Chitosan)-ATP (attapulgite), which distinguished itself from traditional Fenton-like catalysts by effectively degrading pollutants across a broad pH range. This catalyst achieved impressive degradation rates of 200 mg L −1 of FA (Fulvic acid), reaching 97 % at pH = 3, 96 % at pH = 7, and 95 % at pH = 10. The catalyst’s enduring effectiveness, with FA removal rates marginal decrease to 94 % at pH = 3 after ten cycles, showcased its sustained catalytic activity. The underlying mechanism was attributed to a synergistic interaction facilitated by the addition of Cu 2+ and Fe 3+ into ATP’s framework, which generated a M 1 -O-M 2 structure. Experimentation and analysis revealed a dynamic electron transfer mechanism within the M 1 -O-M 2 structure. Moreover, the catalyst proved to be highly effective in treating real wastewater-leachate concentrate, underscoring its potential for environmental remediation across diverse pH conditions. This research laid the groundwork for expanding the pH applicability of catalysts, opening new pathways for advanced environmental clean-up strategies.