In Situ Growth of CuBi₂O₄/Bi₂O₃ Z-Scheme Heterostructures for Bifunctional Photocatalytic Applications

Abstract

In this study, we present an in situ solvothermal approach for synthesizing a highly efficient bifunctional CuBi₂O₄/Bi₂O₃ composite catalyst for applications in H₂ production and the removal of organic pollutants. Various characterization techniques, including XRD, UV-vis DRS, SEM, TEM, and EIS, were used to characterize the prepared catalyst. Density functional theory calculations confirmed a Z-scheme mechanism, revealing the charge transfer mechanism from the Bi₂O₃ surface to the CuBi₂O₄ surface. The composite exhibited a photocurrent of 2.83 × 10⁴ A/cm² and a hydrogen production rate of 526 μmolg^-1h^-1 under natural sunlight. Moreover, the catalyst demonstrated efficient degradation of RhB up to 58% in 120 min under 50 W LED illumination. Additionally, multiple recycling tests confirmed its high stability and recyclability, making it a promising candidate for various applications in the field of photocatalysis.