Dual-Emissive Detection of ATP and Hypochlorite Ions for Monitoring Inflammation-Driven Liver Injury In Vitro and In Vivo

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species play a pivotal role in liver disease, contributing to severe liver damage and chronic inflammation. In liver injury driven by inflammation, adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) and hypochlorite ion (ClO^-) emerge as novel biomarkers, reflecting mitochondrial dysfunction and amplified oxidative stress, respectively. However, the dynamic fluctuations of ATP and ClO^- in hepatocytes and mouse livers remain unclear, and multidetection techniques for these biomarkers are yet to be developed. This study presents <b>RATP-NClO</b>, a dual-channel fluorescent bioprobe capable of synchronously detecting ATP and ClO^- ions. <b>RATP-NClO</b> exhibits excellent selectivity and sensitivity for ATP and ClO^- ions, demonstrating a dual-channel fluorescence response in a murine hepatocyte cell line. Upon intravenous administration, <b>RATP-NClO</b> reveals synchronized ATP depletion and ClO^- amplification in the livers of mice with experimental metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Through a comprehensive analysis of the principal mechanism of the developed bioprobe and the verification of its reliable detection ability in both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> settings, we propose it as a unique tool for monitoring changes in intracellular ATP and ClO^- level. These findings underscore its potential for practical image-based monitoring and functional phenotyping of MASH pathogenesis.