Doubly Spiro-Conjugated Chiral Carbocycles Exhibiting SOMO–HOMO Inversion in Persistent Radical Cations

Abstract

Persistent chiral organic open-shell systems have captured growing interest due to their potential applications in organic spintronic and optoelectronic devices. Nevertheless, the integration of configurationally stable chirality into an organic open-shell system continues to pose challenges in molecular design. The π-extended skeleton incorporated in spiro-conjugated carbocycles can provide robust chiroptical properties and a significant stabilization of the excited and ionic radical states. However, this approach has been relatively less explored in the design of persistent organic open-shell systems. We report here the (<i>S,S</i>)-, (<i>R,R</i>)-, and <i>meso-</i>isomers of doubly spiro-conjugated carbocycles featuring flat and rigid carbon-bridged <i>para</i>-phenylenevinylene (<b>CPV</b>) of different conjugation lengths connected by two spiro-carbon centers, which we denote <b>D-spiro-CPV</b> for its quasi-dimeric structure. Our synthetic method based on a double lithiation cyclization approach enables facile production of <b>D-spiro-CPV</b>. <b>D-spiro-CPVs</b> exhibit circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with high fluorescence quantum yields (Φ_FL) resulting in a high CPL brightness of 21 M^-1 cm^-1 and also exhibit high thermal and photostability. The monoradical cation of <b>D-spiro-CPV</b> absorbing near-infrared light is notably persistent, exhibiting a half-life of 570 h under ambient conditions due to doubly spiro-conjugative stabilization. Theoretical and electrochemical studies indicate the radical cation of <b>D-spiro-CPVs</b> presents a non-Aufbau electron filling, exhibiting inversion of the energy level of the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) and the highest (doubly) occupied molecular orbitals with the SOMO level even below the HOMO-1 level (double SHI effect). Our discoveries provide valuable insights into non-Aufbau molecules and the development of configurationally stable, optically active persistent radicals.