Advances in MXene-based composite materials for efficient removal of radioactive nuclides and heavy metal ions

Abstract

MXenes are a class of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbide/nitride materials that have attracted widespread interest due to their unique characteristics, including layered structure, hydrophilicity, high electrical conductivity , and catalytic capabilities. This has driven the exploration of MXene in different areas, especially in energy storage and environmental catalysis. Due to its unique properties, such as composition malleability, radiation resistance, and remarkable thermal stability, MXenes is a promising candidate for adsorption of radionuclides and heavy metal ions. The recent progress of MXene etching technology, functionalization and removal of nuclides and heavy metal ions from radioactive wastewater are reviewed in this paper. In the evolving field of MXene research, this paper provides not only a comprehensive overview, but also an overview of potential MXene research directions that aim to address key challenges that currently hinder the widespread application of MXene-based composites in radioactive wastewater treatment , and promote a deeper understanding of mxene material applications . And lay the foundation for future innovations in environmental remediation. This review explores the multifaceted capabilities of MXenes, a remarkable class of 2D transition metal carbide/nitride materials, in the removal of radioactive nuclides and heavy metal ions from wastewater. Delving into recent advancements in MXene etching techniques, functionalization methodologies, and their applications, the article underscores MXenes' unique attributes, including compositional malleability, radiation resilience, and thermal stability. By systematically categorizing etching techniques, detailing functionalization approaches, and elucidating removal mechanisms, the review provides a thorough understanding of MXenes' efficacy in radioactive wastewater treatment. Furthermore, it addresses critical aspects such as the synthesis of composite materials, innovative MXene architectures, and essential material-related properties. The article not only serves as a comprehensive overview but also outlines future research directions to overcome challenges, contributing to the evolving landscape of MXene research and fostering innovation in environmental remediation.