Advancement of 2D Material-Based Moisture-Enabled Nanogenerators

Abstract

2D materials such as graphene and its derivatives, transition metal dichalcogenides, and MXenes have shown potential in harnessing energy from different sources. Among the different sources, 2D materials can also harness energy from moisture. This not only provides a source of energy generation with the aid of water that is abundantly available on the planet but also lays down the route for the fabrication of self-powered sensing devices based on moisture sensing. Hence, in this Review, we critically discuss the working mechanism of moisture-enabled nanogenerators (MEGs). Further, the discussion has been abetted around the basics of 2D materials and their mode of working as a moisture-enabled nanogenerator. Discussion related to the device architecture is also discussed. The amalgamation of 2D materials with the impending development of nanogenerators has only enhanced the scope and arena of developments. One such potential application segment is in the domain of self-powered sensors. In this Review, the application potential of MEGs in sensing technology and energy harvesting has been discussed. A comparative analysis of the output of some recently developed MEGs has also been summarized. Further, a comprehensive scope for future work has been discussed, along with suggestions for improving the performance of the MEGs based on previous studies.