Dual-Channel/Localization Single-Molecule Fluorescence Probe for Monitoring ATP and HOCl in Early Diagnosis and Therapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a common chronic inflammatory illness, is still incurable, reducing the sufferers' quality of life significantly. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) are key indicators in RA, but their precise mechanisms in RA pathophysiology are unknown. As a result, in order to detect ATP and HOCl simultaneously, we created two new dual-channel/localization single-molecule fluorescence probes, <b>RhTNMB</b> and <b>RhFNMB</b>. Furthermore, <b>RhFNMB</b> outperformed <b>RhTNMB</b> in terms of detection performance. ATP and HOCl produce independent fluorescence responses in the light red channel (λ_ex = 520 nm, λ_em = 586 nm) and deep red channel (λ_ex = 620 nm, λ_em = 688 nm), respectively, without spectral crosstalk. It should be noted that the probe <b>RhFNMB</b> successfully imaged ATP in mitochondria and HOCl in cells. Surprisingly, the probe <b>RhFNMB</b> demonstrated remarkable detection ability in the diagnosis and treatment of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>-induced abdominal inflammation in mice. We continued to apply the probe <b>RhFNMB</b> to track ATP and HOCl in RA and discovered that ATP and HOCl concentrations were considerably greater in RA joints than in normal joints. We also confirmed the therapeutic effect of methotrexate on RA. This study is the first to achieve dual-channel imaging of ATP and HOCl, which is of great value for the early diagnosis and therapy of RA.