Power Swing in Systems With Inverter-Based Resources—Part II: Impact on Protection Systems

Abstract

After introducing and analytically proving the distinctive dynamics associated with power swing of inverter-based resources (IBRs) in Part I, Part II of this paper investigates the implications of such dynamics for power system protection. The paper sheds light on some of the major consequences of IBRs' unique power swing patterns. The study employs theoretical analysis and detailed PSCAD/EMTDC simulation models to unveil the shortcomings of the conventional wisdom regarding the power swing characteristics of IBRs. The paper offers new insights into the operation of transmission line relays during power swing conditions. This part of the study is supported by extensive testing of commercial relays. The findings of this paper will provide guidance for future IBR interconnection standards, the design of inverter control schemes, the power swing detection methods used by relays, and the appropriate relay settings.