Revealing the Charge Storage Mechanism in Porous Carbon to Achieve Efficient K Ion Storage

Abstract

Constructing a porous structure is considered an appealing strategy to improve the electrochemical properties of carbon anodes for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). Nevertheless, the correlation between electrochemical K-storage performance and pore structure has not been well elucidated, which hinders the development of high-performance carbon anodes. Herein, various porous carbons are synthesized with porosity structures ranging from micropores to micro/mesopores and mesopores, and systematic investigations are conducted to establish a relationship between pore characteristics and K-storage performance. It is found that micropores fail to afford accessible active sites for K ion storage, whereas mesopores can provide abundant surface adsorption sites, and the enlarged interlayer spacing facilitates the intercalation process, thus resulting in significantly improved K-storage performances. Consequently, PCa electrode with a prominent mesoporous structure achieves the highest reversible capacity of 421.7 mAh g^-1 and an excellent rate capability of 191.8 mAh g^-1 at 5 C. Furthermore, the assembled potassium-ion hybrid capacitor realizes an impressive energy density of 151.7 Wh kg^-1 at a power density of 398 W kg^-1. The proposed work not only deepens the understanding of potassium storage in carbon materials with distinctive porosities but also paves a path toward developing high-performance anodes for PIBs with customized energy storage capabilities.