Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Octahedral Sb₂O₃-rGO as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Antimony-based materials for lithium-ion storage are gaining attention as anode materials due to their high theoretical capacity. However, their volume expansion during the charge–discharge process causes a rapid capacity drop and low-cycle stability. To deal with these problems, we synthesized uniform octahedral antimony trioxide (Sb 2 O 3 ) through the colloidal method and combined Sb 2 O 3 with reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed the synthesis of octahedra Sb 2 O 3 anchoring on the surface of rGO (Sb 2 O 3 -rGO) well. The galvanostatic charge/discharge (CD) test and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to estimate the electrochemical reaction of Sb 2 O 3 -rGO. To assess its kinetics, an analysis of CV curves at different scan rates and the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique were conducted. The Sb 2 O 3 -rGO exhibited high discharge capacity (744.0 mAh g –1 at 0.1 A g – 1 after 310th cycle) and cycle stability (386.9 mAh g –1 at 0.5 A g – 1 after 1200th cycle).