Demonstrating a Long-Coherence Dual-Rail Erasure Qubit Using Tunable Transmons

Abstract

Quantum error correction with erasure qubits promises significant advantages over standard error correction due to favorable thresholds for erasure errors. To realize this advantage in practice requires a qubit for which nearly all errors are such erasure errors, and the ability to check for erasure errors without dephasing the qubit. We demonstrate that a “dual-rail qubit” consisting of a pair of resonantly coupled transmons can form a highly coherent erasure qubit, where transmon <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:msub><a:mi>T</a:mi><a:mn>1</a:mn></a:msub></a:math> errors are converted into erasure errors and residual dephasing is strongly suppressed, leading to millisecond-scale coherence within the qubit subspace. We show that single-qubit gates are limited primarily by erasure errors, with erasure probability <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><c:msub><c:mi>p</c:mi><c:mtext>erasure</c:mtext></c:msub><c:mo>=</c:mo><c:mn>2.19</c:mn><c:mo stretchy="false">(</c:mo><c:mn>2</c:mn><c:mo stretchy="false">)</c:mo><c:mo>×</c:mo><c:msup><c:mn>10</c:mn><c:mrow><c:mo>−</c:mo><c:mn>3</c:mn></c:mrow></c:msup></c:math> per gate while the residual errors are <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><g:mo>∼</g:mo><g:mn>40</g:mn></g:math> times lower. We further demonstrate midcircuit detection of erasure errors while introducing <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><i:mo>&lt;</i:mo><i:mn>0.1</i:mn><i:mo>%</i:mo></i:math> dephasing error per check. Finally, we show that the suppression of transmon noise allows this dual-rail qubit to preserve high coherence over a broad tunable operating range, offering an improved capacity to avoid frequency collisions. This work establishes transmon-based dual-rail qubits as an attractive building block for hardware-efficient quantum error correction. Published by the American Physical Society 2024