Direct Synthesis of α- and β-2′-Deoxynucleosides with Stereodirecting Phosphine Oxide via Remote Participation

Abstract

2'-Deoxynucleosides and analogues play a vital role in drug development, but their preparation remains a significant challenge. Previous studies have focused on β-2'-deoxynucleosides with the natural β-configuration. In fact, their isomeric α-2'-deoxynucleosides also exhibit diverse bioactivities and even better metabolic stability. Herein, we report that both α- and β-2'-deoxynucleosides can be prepared with high yields and stereoselectivity using a remote directing diphenylphosphinoyl (DPP) group. It is particularly efficient to prepare α-2'-deoxynucleosides with an easily accessible 3,5-di-ODPP donor. Instead of acting as a H-bond acceptor on a 2-(diphenylphosphinoyl)acetyl (DPPA) group in our previous studies for syn-facial <i>O</i>-glycosylation, the phosphine oxide moiety here acts as a remote participating group to enable highly antifacial <i>N</i>-glycosylation. This proposed remote participation mechanism is supported by our first characterization of an important 1,5-briged <i>P</i>-heterobicyclic intermediate via variable-temperature NMR spectroscopy. Interestingly, antiproliferative assays led to a α-2'-deoxynucleoside with IC₅₀ values in the low micromole range against central nervous system tumor cell lines SH-SY5Y and LN229, whereas its β-anomer exhibited no inhibition at 100 μM. Furthermore, the DPP group significantly enhanced the antitumor activities by 10 times.