Structural, thermodynamic, and magnetic properties of SrFe ₁₂ O ₁₉ hexaferrite modified by co-substitution of Cu and Gd

Abstract

A hard magnetic system of SrFe 12 O 19 nanomaterial was modified according to the composition of Sr 0.95 Gd 0.05 Fe 12− x Cu x O 19 with x = 0.0, 0.30, and 0.60 using the sol–gel technique.