Phyto-pharmacological evaluation and characterization of the methanolic extract of the Baccaurea motleyana Müll. Arg. seed: promising insights into its therapeutic uses

Abstract

<b>Introduction:</b> Plants and their extracts have been integral to the development of medicinal treatments throughout history, offering a vast array of compounds for innovative therapies. <i>Baccaurea motleyana</i> Müll. Arg., commonly known as Rambai, is an evergreen tree with economic importance in the Old-World Tropics. <b>Method:</b> The study investigates its phytochemical composition through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and evaluates its pharmacological properties, including antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, and antidepressant effects. <b>Result and Discussion:</b> The GC-MS analysis revealed 15 bioactive compounds in the methanol extract, with Phenol, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, Methyl stearate, and Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester being the predominant ones. The cytotoxicity assay demonstrated significant activity in the ethyl acetate fraction. Antimicrobial assays indicated mild to moderate antibacterial activity. <i>In vivo</i> studies on mice revealed significant hypoglycemic, antidiarrheal, and antidepressant properties. Molecular docking studies against EGFR, DHFR, GLUT-3, KOR, and MOA identified promising compounds with potential therapeutic effects. The identified compounds exhibited favorable ADME/T properties, emphasizing their potential for drug development. The study underscores the promising therapeutic potential of <i>Baccaurea motleyana</i>, showcasing its diverse bioactive compounds with significant medicinal properties. <b>Conclusion:</b> These findings lay the groundwork for future research, emphasizing the exploration of <i>B. motleyana</i> as a source of natural remedies for addressing prevalent health conditions.