High amniotic fluid fractalkine and MIP-1β levels are associated with intrauterine growth restriction: a prospective cohort study

Abstract

Elevated levels of proinflammatory factors, including fractalkine and MIP-1β, along with inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ, as well as increased HIF-1α levels in amniotic fluid, are associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) attributed to a hypoxic amniotic environment.