Satellitome Analysis in the Southern Lapwing (Vanellus chilensis) Genome: Implications for SatDNA Evolution in Charadriiform Birds

Abstract

<i>Vanellus</i> (Charadriidae; Charadriiformes) comprises around 20 species commonly referred to as lapwings. In this study, by integrating cytogenetic and genomic approaches, we assessed the satellite DNA (satDNA) composition of one typical species, <i>Vanellus chilensis</i>, with a highly conserved karyotype. We additionally underlined its role in the evolution, structure, and differentiation process of the present ZW sex chromosome system. Seven distinct satellite DNA families were identified within its genome, accumulating on the centromeres, microchromosomes, and the W chromosome. However, these identified satellite DNA families were not found in two other Charadriiformes members, namely <i>Jacana jacana</i> and <i>Calidris canutus</i>. The hybridization of microsatellite sequences revealed the presence of a few repetitive sequences in <i>V. chilensis</i>, with only two out of sixteen displaying positive hybridization signals. Overall, our results contribute to understanding the genomic organization and satDNA evolution in Charadriiform birds.