Perspectives on CCUS deployment on large scale in India: Insights for low carbon pathways

Abstract

The energy and industrial sectors' most recent extraordinarily quick expansion has resulted in a substantial rise in stationary CO2 sources. As a result, many questions have been raised concerning how to stop global warming and implement methods to mitigate its effects by 2050 to create a low-carbon and sustainable future. Over the last three decades, India's CO2 emissions have increased at a growth rate of 3.1 % mainly consumption of fossil fuels. In this global and Indian situation, the best method, besides renewable energy sources, is Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), which will make it possible to achieve net-zero emissions targets within this century. Given this, a brief review and discussion that aims to study India's development in CCUS deployment and its importance for sustainable development were conducted. The review highlights the current energy scenario of India and the world, the CO2 increase trend, and its consequences globally. Furthermore, a brief discussion on the present status of several areas of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies have been done. To clearly define the maturity of each important component of the CCUS system with a commercialization direction route, we focused on determining the technological readiness level (TRL) from India's perspective. Further, we identified important data of different sizes from the biggest R&D schemes, policies, regulations and initiatives taken by the government across the country. Lastly, our study seeks to provide a guide for the successful implementation of CCUS in India.