Nanoscale Metal–Organic Frameworks‐Mediated Degradation of Mutant p53 Proteins and Activation of cGAS‐STING Pathway for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy

Abstract

Activating cGAS-STING pathway has great potential to achieve effective antitumor immunotherapy. However, mutant p53 (mutp53), a commonly observed genetic alteration in over 50% of human cancer, will impede the therapeutic performance of the cGAS-STING pathway. Herein, multifunctional ZIF-8@MnO₂ nanoparticles are constructed to degrade mutp53 and facilitate the cGAS-STING pathway. The synthesized ZIF-8@MnO₂ can release Zn²⁺ and Mn²⁺ in cancer cells to induce oxidative stress and cytoplasmic leakage of fragmented mitochondrial double-stranded DNAs (dsDNAs). Importantly, the released Zn²⁺ induces variable degradation of multifarious p53 mutants through proteasome ubiquitination, which can alleviate the inhibitory effects of mutp53 on the cGAS-STING pathway. In addition, the released Mn²⁺ further increases the sensitivity of cGAS to dsDNAs as immunostimulatory signals. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that ZIF-8@MnO₂ effectively promotes the cGAS-STING pathway and synergizes with PD-L1 checkpoint blockades, leading to remarkable regression of local tumors as well as distant metastases of breast cancer. This study proposes an inorganic metal ion-based nanoplatform to enhance the cGAS-STING-mediated antitumor immunotherapy, especially to those tumors with mutp53 expression.