Pharyngeal Constrictor Dose–Volume Histogram Metrics and Patient-Reported Dysphagia in Head and Neck Radiotherapy

Abstract

AIMS: Head and neck radiotherapy long-term survival continues to improve and the management of long-term side-effects is moving to the forefront of patient care. Dysphagia is associated with dose to the pharyngeal constrictors and can be measured using patient-reported outcomes to evaluate its effect on quality of life. The aim of the present study was to relate pharyngeal constrictor dose-volume parameters with patient-reported outcomes to identify prognostic dose constraints. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 64-patient training cohort and a 24-patient testing cohort of oropharynx and nasopharynx cancer patients treated with curative-intent chemoradiotherapy were retrospectively examined. These patients completed the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory outcome survey at 12 months post-radiotherapy to evaluate late dysphagia: a composite score lower than 60 indicated dysphagia. The pharyngeal constrictor muscles were subdivided into four substructures: superior, middle, inferior and cricopharyngeal. Dose-volume histogram (DVH) metrics for each of the structure combinations were extracted. A decision tree classifier was run for each DVH metric to identify dose constraints optimising the accuracy and sensitivity of the cohort. A 60% accuracy threshold and feature selection method were used to ensure statistically significant DVH metrics were identified. These dose constraints were then validated on the 24-patient testing cohort. RESULTS: Existing literature dose constraints only had two dose constraints performing above 60% accuracy and sensitivity when evaluated on our training cohort. We identified two well-performing dose constraints: the pharyngeal constrictor muscle D63% < 55 Gy and the superior-middle pharyngeal constrictor combination structure V31Gy < 100%. Both dose constraints resulted in ≥73% mean accuracy and ≥80% mean sensitivity on the training and testing patient cohorts. In addition, a pharyngeal constrictor muscle mean dose <57 Gy resulted in a mean accuracy ≥74% and mean sensitivity ≥60%. CONCLUSION: Mid-dose pharyngeal constrictor muscle and substructure combination dose constraints should be used in the treatment planning process to reduce late patient-reported dysphagia.