Comparative toxicity of polystyrene, polypropylene, and polyethylene nanoplastics on <i>Artemia franciscana</i> nauplii: a multidimensional assessment

Abstract

This study represents the first report comparing the acute toxicity of polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene (PE) nanoplastics on multiple biological endpoints of Artemia franciscana nauplii, a widely used aquatic test organism.