Enhancing the Toughness and Strength of Polymers Using Mechanically Interlocked Hydrogen Bonds

Abstract

The energy dissipative features of hydrogen bonds under conditions of mechanical strain have provided an ongoing incentive to explore hydrogen bonding units for the purpose of controlling and customizing the mechanical properties of polymeric materials. However, there remains a need for hydrogen bond units that (1) possess directionality, (2) provide selectivity, (3) dissipate energy effectively, and (4) can be incorporated readily into polymeric materials to regulate their mechanical properties. Here, we report mechanically interlocked hydrogen bond units that incorporate multiple hydrogen bonds within a [2]catenane structure. The conformational flexibility and associated spatial folding characteristics of the [2]catenane units allow for molecular scale motion under external stress, while the interlocked structure serves as a pivot that maintains the directionality and selectivity of the resultant hydrogen bonding units. When incorporated into polymers, these interlocked hydrogen bond motifs serve to strengthen and toughen the resulting materials. This study not only presents a novel hydrogen bond unit for creating polymeric materials with improved mechanical properties but also underscores the unique opportunities that mechanically interlocked hydrogen bond structures may provide across a diverse range of applications.