Contemporary Progress on Photo-induced Green Hydrogen Evolution: Potential, Challenges, and Perspectives for the Hydrogen Energy based Economy -An Updated Review

Abstract

“From harnessing the intricate dance of water photolysis to the ingenious coupling of surplus renewable resources, modern photocatalytic hydrogen production unfolds as an elegant solution poised to redefine our energy paradigm with both environmental mindfulness and technological ingenuity” • Basic kinetics and thermodynamics traits, along with a range of adjustment approaches utilized by global research teams, with the aim of enhancing photocatalyst attributes to facilitate the production of environmentally sound H 2 via water splitting across diverse scenarios have been discussed. • A perspective on the metal-oxide, graphitic carbon nitride, metal-chalcogenide, metal organic framework, covalent organic framework and molecular catalytic composite- based photocatalytic systems are enunciated, regarding the use of water reduction processes to produce the photo-induced “Green” hydrogen. • Comparative economic prospects of Green Hydrogen sector along with a succinct analysis of the industrial implications of Green Hydrogen economy are addressed extensively. • A thorough analytical road-map has been discussed based on hydrogen storage options, global warming potentials, quantum yield optimization strategies, subsequent efficacies of the Green Hydrogen production. In the present context of the global energy crisis, green hydrogen is gaining attention as a potent energy carrier. The hydrogen business has experienced a significant upsurge as a result of the worldwide trend towards decarbonization and mitigating the reckless use of fossil fuels. In this review, an outline of current trends, major barriers, and envisaged paths for future advancement of photolysis of hydrogen generation is addressed, with a special emphasis on hydrogen evolution reactions via hybrid photocatalysts that are mostly derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic framework (COF), graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ), low-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides, metal oxides and molecular catalytic systems. This paper also presents an in-depth present time assessment of green hydrogen economy, which implement both traditional and renewable sources of energy. Additionally, the paper ruminates on the utilization, storage, transportation and supply of hydrogen, as well as the key barriers and prospects associated with the industrial implementation of such systems.