Enhanced Forecasting of Alzheimer’s Disease Progression Using Higher-Order Circular Pythagorean Fuzzy Time Series

Abstract

This study introduces an advanced forecasting method, utilizing a higher-order circular Pythagorean fuzzy time series (C-PyFTSs) approach, for the prediction of Alzheimer's disease progression. Distinct from traditional forecasting methodologies, this novel approach is grounded in the principles of circular Pythagorean fuzzy set (C-PyFS) theory. It uniquely incorporates both positive and negative membership values, further augmented by a circular radius. This design is specifically tailored to address the inherent uncertainties and imprecisions prevalent in medical data. A key innovation of this method is its consideration of the circular nature of time series, which significantly enhances the accuracy and robustness of the forecasts. The higher-order aspect of this forecasting method facilitates a more comprehensive predictive model, surpassing the capabilities of existing techniques. The efficacy of this method has been rigorously evaluated through extensive experiments, benchmarked against conventional time series forecasting methods. The empirical results underscore the superiority of the proposed method in accurately predicting the trajectory of Alzheimer's disease. This advancement holds substantial promise for improving prognostic assessments in clinical settings, offering a more nuanced understanding of disease progression.