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Chiral Drugs. An Overview
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2006
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Pharmaceutical SciencePharmacotherapyChiral DrugsPharmaceutical ChemistryMolecular PharmacologyMedicinal ChemistryChromatographyBiochemistryMost IsomersDrug DevelopmentPharmacologyNatural SciencesUsual Chiral DrugsChiral CompoundsDrug TherapyMedicinePharmacokineticsDrug DiscoveryPharmaceutical ResearchDrug Analysis
More than half of current drugs are chiral, with nearly 90 % of new ones sold as racemates, yet enantiomers can differ markedly in pharmacology, toxicology, and metabolism, making chiral separation essential for effective therapy. This review surveys the nomenclature, pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and mechanisms of common chiral drugs. The article examines various techniques employed for chiral separation in pharmaceutical manufacturing and clinical analysis.
About more than half of the drugs currently in use are chiral compounds and near 90% of the last ones are marketed as racemates consisting of an equimolar mixture of two enantiomers. Although they have the same chemical structure, most isomers of chiral drugs exhibit marked differences in biological activities such as pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, metabolism etc. Some mechanisms of these properties are also explained. Therefore, it is important to promote the chiral separation and analysis of racemic drugs in pharmaceutical industry as well as in clinic in order to eliminate the unwanted isomer from the preparation and to find an optimal treatment and a right therapeutic control for the patient. In this article, we review the nomenclature, pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, metabolism etc of some usual chiral drugs as well as their mechanisms. Different techniques used for the chiral separation in pharmaceutical industry as well as in clinical analyses are also examined.