Metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles in treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa , a pathogenic microorganism of substantial clinical concern, has exhibited a remarkable ability to cause diverse infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. The escalating prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains of this pathogen has presented an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. The profound properties inherent in various metallic nanoparticles (MTNPs), namely silver, gold, iron, and zinc nanoparticles, which have garnered significant attention for their potential as antimicrobial agents. MTNPs exhibit the capability to engage with and infiltrate bacterial biofilms, leading to the development of highly efficient agents against biofilm-related issues. The MTNPs have emerged as a potential substitute for antibiotics due to their unique properties. These NPs engage with vital cellular components such as DNA, enzymes, ribosomes, and lysosomes, inducing changes in cell membrane permeability, oxidative stress, gene expression, protein and enzyme activity. The MTNPs offer a novel approach to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by leveraging the distinct mechanisms include disrupting bacterial cell membrane functionality, impeding biofilm formation, initiating reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, increasing the host's immune reactions, and obstructing RNA and protein synthesis through intracellular mediation. The collaborative effects of antibiotics and MTNPs demonstrate a prospective avenue for sustaining bacterial susceptibility to these medications. This partnership holds significant potential as an innovative strategy to uphold the effectiveness of antibiotics while exploring novel methods of combating bacterial infections.