Gravitational traces of bumblebee gravity in metric–affine formalism

Abstract

Abstract This work explores various manifestations of bumblebee gravity within the metric–affine formalism. We investigate the impact of the Lorentz violation parameter, denoted as X , on the modification of the Hawking temperature. Our calculations reveal that as X increases, the values of the Hawking temperature attenuate. To examine the behavior of massless scalar perturbations, specifically the quasinormal modes, we employ the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin method. The transmission and reflection coefficients are determined through our calculations. The outcomes indicate that a stronger Lorentz–violating parameter results in slower damping oscillations of gravitational waves. To comprehend the influence of the quasinormal spectrum on time–dependent scattering phenomena, we present a detailed analysis of scalar perturbations in the time–domain solution. Additionally, we conduct an investigation on shadows, revealing that larger values of X correspond to larger shadow radii. Furthermore, we constrain the magnitude of the shadow radii using the EHT horizon–scale image of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> . Finally, we calculate both the time delay and the deflection angle.