Quantum error mitigation

TLDR

Most physics relies on noisy data analysis, and quantum computing traditionally assumes a single reliable measurement per two‑level system, but real devices require robust information‑extraction strategies. This review covers many error‑mitigation strategies used in present‑day quantum processors. It discusses how these strategies are implemented and evaluated on current hardware. These strategies make it much more feasible to obtain useful results before fault tolerance is achieved.

Abstract

In most of physics it is normal to obtain information by analysis of noisy data. The paradigm of quantum computing has been a simplified version of this -- one measurement of a two-level system gives one bit of reliable information about the result of a computation. But real-world quantum computers do not work this way: the noisiness of quantum evolution also requires good strategies for extracting information. This review covers many error-mitigation strategies used in present-day quantum processors. These strategies make it much more feasible to obtain useful results before fault tolerance is achieved.