In vitro and in vivo studies on biodegradable Zn porous scaffolds with a drug-loaded coating for the treatment of infected bone defect

Abstract

Additively manufactured biodegradable zinc (Zn) scaffolds have great potential to repair infected bone defects due to their osteogenic and antibacterial properties. However, the enhancement of antibacterial properties depends on a high concentration of dissolved Zn²⁺, which in return deteriorates osteogenic activity. In this study, a vancomycin (Van)-loaded polydopamine (PDA) coating was prepared on pure Zn porous scaffolds to solve the above dilemma. Compared with pure Zn scaffolds according to comprehensive <i>in vitro</i> tests, the PDA coating resulted in a slow degradation and inhibited the excessive release of Zn²⁺ at the early stage, thus improving cytocompatibility and osteogenic activity. Meanwhile, the addition of Van drug substantially suppressed the attachment and proliferation of <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>E. coli</i> bacterial. Furthermore, <i>in vivo</i> implantation confirmed the simultaneously improved osteogenic and antibacterial functions by using the pure Zn scaffolds with Van-loaded PDA coating. Therefore, it is promising to employ biodegradable Zn porous scaffolds with the proposed drug-loaded coating for the treatment of infected bone defects.