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Patterns of Cancer Incidence, Mortality, and Prevalence Across Five Continents: Defining Priorities to Reduce Cancer Disparities in Different Geographic Regions of the World
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2023
Year
Epidemiology Of CancerHealth DisparitiesCancer IncidenceCancer RegistrationCancer Risk FactorsCancer DisparityCancer DisparitiesPublic HealthCancer ResearchMedicineReduce Cancer DisparitiesDifferent Geographic RegionsCancer PrognosisCancer PreventionGlobal Cancer DisparitiesLung CancerEpidemiologyCancer RiskCancer EpidemiologyGlobal HealthInternational HealthGlobal DisparitiesBreast CancerOncology
Global cancer disparities arise from geographic differences in incidence, mortality, and prevalence, driven by complex interactions of genetic, lifestyle, socioeconomic, and health‑system factors. The study aims to describe worldwide cancer incidence, mortality, prevalence, temporal trends, and age‑specific patterns using GLOBOCAN and Cancer Incidence in Five Continents data, and to discuss priorities for reducing disparities in the eight most common cancers. Using GLOBOCAN (2002) and Cancer Incidence in Five Continents databases, the authors analyze incidence, mortality, prevalence, and trends, and review key risk factors and prevention measures for lung, breast, colorectal, stomach, prostate, liver, cervical, and esophageal cancers. In 2002, approximately 11 million new cancer cases and 7 million deaths were reported worldwide, with about 25 million people living with cancer.
Efforts to reduce global cancer disparities begin with an understanding of geographic patterns in cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence. Using the GLOBOCAN (2002) and Cancer Incidence in Five Continents databases, we describe overall cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence, age-adjusted temporal trends, and age-specific incidence patterns in selected geographic regions of the world. For the eight most common malignancies-cancers of lung, breast, colon and rectum, stomach, prostate, liver, cervix, and esophagus-the most important risk factors, cancer prevention and control measures are briefly reviewed. In 2002, an estimated 11 million new cancer cases and 7 million cancer deaths were reported worldwide; nearly 25 million persons were living with cancer. Among the eight most common cancers, global disparities in cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence are evident, likely due to complex interactions of nonmodifiable (ie, genetic susceptibility and aging) and modifiable risk factors (ie, tobacco, infectious agents, diet, and physical activity). Indeed, when risk factors among populations are intertwined with differences in individual behaviors, cultural beliefs and practices, socioeconomic conditions, and health care systems, global cancer disparities are inevitable. For the eight most common cancers, priorities for reducing cancer disparities are discussed.