Effect of Temperature, pH, Salinity and Dissolved Oxygen on Fishes

Abstract

Environmental factors, including temperature, pH, salinity, and dissolved oxygen, are paramount in shaping fish physiology, behavior, and survival. Fish, being highly responsive to these environmental shifts, undergo profound changes in metabolism, growth, and overall performance. Specifically, temperature variations can have acute or long-term effects, pH changes disrupt ion balance and respiratory efficiency, salinity affects osmoregulation and ion dynamics, and dissolved oxygen levels are fundamental for respiration and metabolic health. Understanding these intricacies is not just academic; it's crucial for fisheries management, conservation strategies, and anticipating the ramifications of broader environmental alterations. This review offers an in-depth analysis of these environmental impacts on fish, underscoring the significance of each factor in their physiology, adaptive behaviors, and ecological context.