1f:T4f7,Aimed at enhancing the liquid electrolyte loading, ionic conductivity, and electrocatalytic activity toward iodides, a freeze-dried microporous polyacrylate–poly(ethylene glycol) (PAA–PEG) matrix was employed to uptake conducting substances, such as graphene, graphene oxide, and graphite. A liquid electrolyte loading of 21.1 g per g and a room-temperature ionic conductivity of 11.60 mS cm−1 were obtained from the PAA–PEG/graphene conducting gel electrolyte. The conducting substances can form interconnected channels within the insulating microporous PAA–PEG matrix, therefore, the reduction reaction of triiodide ions in the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) can be extended from the Pt/gel electrolyte interface to both the interface and three-dimensional framework of the microporous conducting gel electrolyte. The resulting DSSCs made from PAA–PEG/graphene, PAA–PEG/graphene oxide, and PAA–PEG/graphite exhibit power conversion efficiencies of 7.74%, 6.49%, and 5.63%, respectively, which are much higher than 5.02% exhibited by a pure PAA–PEG-based DSSC. This new concept, along with ease of fabrication suggests that microporous conducting gel electrolytes could be good alternative electrolytes for use in efficient quasi-solid-state DSSCs.20:T4f3,Utilizing high-energy beta particles emitted from radioisotopes for long-lifetime betavoltaic cells is a great challenge due to low energy conversion efficiency. Here, we report a betavoltaic cell fabricated using TiO₂ nanotube arrays (TNTAs) electrochemically reduced in ethylene glycol electrolyte (EGECR-TNTAs) for the enhancement of the betavoltaic effect. The electrochemical reduction of TNTAs using high cathodic bias in organic electrolytes is indeed a facile and effective strategy to induce in situ self-doping of oxygen vacancy (OV) and Ti³⁺ defects. The black EGECR-TNTAs are highly stable with a significantly narrower band gap and higher electrical conductivity as well as UV-vis-NIR light absorption. A 20 mCi of ⁶³Ni betavoltaic cell based on the reduced TNTAs exhibits a maximum ECE of 3.79% with open-circuit voltage of 1.04 V, short-circuit current density of 117.5 nA cm^-2, and a maximum power density of 39.2 nW cm^-2. The betavoltaic enhancement can be attributed to the enhanced charge carrier transport and separation as well as multiple exciton generation of electron-hole pairs due the generation of OV and Ti³⁺ interstitial bands below the conductive band of TiO_2.

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