Optical valley separation in two-dimensional semimetals with tilted Dirac cones

Abstract

Quasiparticles emerging in crystalline materials can possess a binary flavor known as the valley quantum number which can be used as a basis to encode information in an emerging class of valleytronic devices. Here we show that two-dimensional semimetals with tilted Dirac cones in the electronic band structure exhibit spatial separation of carriers belonging to different valleys under illumination. In stark contrast to gapped Dirac materials this optovalleytronic phenomenon occurs in systems with intact inversion and time-reversal symmetry that host gapless Dirac cones in the band structure, thereby retaining the exceptional graphene-like transport properties. We thus demonstrate that optical valley separation is possible at arbitrarily low photon frequencies including the deep infrared and terahertz regimes with full gate tunability via Pauli blocking. As a specific example of our theory, we predict tunable valley separation in the proposed two-dimensional tilted Dirac cone semimetal 8-Pmmn borophene for incident infrared photons at room temperature. This work highlights the potential of two-dimensional tilted Dirac cone materials as a platform for tunable broadband optovalleytronic applications.