Directly Knitted Hierarchical Porous Organometallic Polymer‐Based Self‐Supported Single‐Site Catalyst for CO₂ Hydrogenation in Water

Abstract

In recent times, heterogenization of homogeneous molecular catalysts onto various porous solid support structures has attracted significant research focus as a method for combining the advantages of both homogeneous as well as heterogeneous catalysis. The design of highly efficient, structurally robust and reusable heterogenized single-site catalysts for the CO₂ hydrogenation reaction is a critical challenge that needs to be accomplished to implement a sustainable and practical CO₂ -looped renewable energy cycle. This study demonstrated a heterogenized catalyst [Ir-HCP-(B/TPM)] containing a molecular Ir-abnormal N-heterocyclic carbene (Ir-aNHC) catalyst self-supported by hierarchical porous hyper-crosslinked polymer (HCP), in catalytic hydrogenation of CO₂ to inorganic formate (HCO₂ ^- ) salt that is a prospective candidate for direct formate fuel cells (DFFC). By employing this unique and first approach of utilizing a directly knitted HCP-based organometallic single-site catalyst for CO₂ -to-HCO₂ ^- in aqueous medium, extremely high activity with a single-run turnover number (TON) up to 50816 was achieved which is the highest so far considering all the heterogeneous catalysts for this reaction in water. Additionally, the catalyst featured excellent reusability furnishing a cumulative TON of 285400 in 10 cycles with just 1.6 % loss in activity per cycle. Overall, the new catalyst displayed attributes that are important for developing tangible catalysts for practical applications.