Choline metabolites and incident cardiovascular disease in a prospective cohort of adults: Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study

Abstract

Our findings are consistent with a positive association between plasma choline and incident CVD. Among participants with lower kidney function, TMAO was positively, and betaine negatively, associated with CVD. These results further our understanding of the potential role for choline metabolism on CVD risk.