Advanced Energy Materials · 2023 · 140 citations · 54 references
Natural SciencesMaterials EngineeringMaterials ScienceEnergy MaterialsInorganic ChemistryMaterials ChemistryBattery MaterialsCathode MaterialsElectrochemical Energy StorageElectrode MaterialsEnergy Storage MaterialsMetal OxidesAnisotropic StrainCathode Active MaterialsCathode BehaviorHigh-voltage Cathode MaterialsOxygen RedoxOxygen Redox ChemistrySodium-ion Battery MaterialsSodium-ion Cathodes
Abstract O3‐type layered oxides are promising cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries. However, unsatisfying cyclic stability hinders its practical application, mainly resulting from harmful phase transition and irreversible oxygen redox, especially in high‐voltage regions. Herein, a co‐doped strategy by incorporating Li + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , and Sb 5+ into the O3‐Na 0.8 Ni 0.4 Fe 0.2 Mn 0.4 O 2 cathode materials is proposed. Both suppressing the undesired phase transition over 4.1 V (vs Na/Na + ) and reducing the anisotropic strain are achieved with the novel Na 0.8 Ni 0.3 Fe 0.2 Mn 0.3 Li 0.1 Mg 0.02 Ca 0.05 Sb 0.03 O 2 (LMCS NFM). Moreover, restricted but highly reversible oxygen redox is observed due to strong attraction from Sb 5+ and special “Li–O‐vacancy” and “Mg–O‐vacancy” configurations. The strategy brings about excellent high‐voltage cyclic stability with a reversible capacity of 130 mAh g −1 and a capacity retention of 85% after 250 cycles at 4.2 V, and less thermal runaway risk and moisture sensitivity, increasing the probability of O3‐type oxide cathode practical applications.
54
Self-Consistent Equations Including Exchange and Correlation Effects
W. Kohn, L. J. Sham · Physical Review · 1965 · 63.2K citations · Full text