Long-term association of air pollution and incidence of lung cancer among older Americans: A national study in the Medicare cohort

Abstract

Long-term PM_2.5, NO₂, and PR exposures were independently associated with increased lung cancer incidence among the national elderly population. Low-exposure analysis indicated that current national standards for PM_2.5 and NO₂ were not restrictive enough to protect public health, underscoring the need for more stringent air quality regulations.