Facilely Prepared Thirsty Granules Arouse Tough Wet Adhesion on Overmoist Wounds for Hemostasis and Tissue Repair

Abstract

Bioadhesives have been widely used in hemostasis and tissue repair, but the overmoist and wet nature of wound surface (due to the presence of blood and/or wound exudate) has led to poor wet adhesion of bioadhesives, which interrupts the continuous care of wounds. Here, a thirsty polyphenolic silk granule (<i>Tan@SF-pwd-hydro</i>), which absorbs blood and exudate to self-convert to robust bioadhesives (<i>Tan@SF-gel-hydro</i>) <i>in situ</i>, was facilely developed in this study for enhanced wet adhesion toward hemostasis and tissue repair. <i>Tan@SF-pwd-hydro</i> could shield wounds' wetness and immediately convert itself to <i>Tan@SF-gel-hydro</i> to seal wounds for hemorrhage control and wound healing. The maximum adhesiveness of <i>Tan@SF-gel-hydro</i> over wet pigskin was as high as 59.8 ± 2.1 kPa. <i>Tan@SF-pwd-hydro</i> is a promising transformative dressing for hemostasis and tissue repair since its hemostatic time was approximately half of that of the commercial hemostatic product, Celox^TM, and its healing period was much shorter than that of the commercial bioadhesive product, Tegaderm^TM. This pioneering study utilized adverse wetness over wounds to arouse robust adhesiveness by converting thirsty granules to bioadhesives <i>in situ</i>, creatively turning adversity into opportunities. The facile fabrication approach also offers new perspectives for manufacturing sustainability of biomaterials.