Irreversibility analysis and thermal radiative of Williamson (<i>ZnO</i>+<i>MOS</i> ₂/<i>C</i> ₃ <i>H</i> ₈ <i>O</i> ₂) hybrid nanofluid over a porous surface with a suction effect

Abstract

Abstract The current approach considered the unsteady 2D laminar second law analysis on Williamson hybrid nanoliquid in a porous medium under the effect of the thermal radiative flow towards a convectively heated stretching sheet. Propylene glycol <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mfenced close=")" open="(" separators=""> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfenced> </mml:math> ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>8</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ) is employed as the base liquid in this study, and the nanoparticles are Molybdenum disulfide <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mfenced close=")" open="(" separators=""> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfenced> </mml:math> and Zinc Oxide <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mfenced close=")" open="(" separators=""> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfenced> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> </mml:math> The purpose of the current study is to maximize the energy and mass transfer rate for industrial and engineering applications. The primary contribution of this study is to discuss heat transmission via thermal radiation, suction, and the porous parameter on the flow of a William hybrid nanoliquid. The constitutive Maxwell flow model, heat transport, and entropy generation can be reduced to ordinary differential equations by similarity transformations. The Bvp4c technique is used on these generating ODEs for the numerical technique in the methodology section. Fluid friction, heat transmission, and Joule heating are used to calculate the entropy generation number. Graphs and tables are used to investigate the effects of dimensionless parameters on flow variables and entropy generation. The primary results suggest that hybrid Maxwell nanofluid is a more efficient heat conductor than regular nanofluid. A significant drop in the velocity field is supported by the Williamson <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>W</mml:mi> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> </mml:math> Unsteady <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>β</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> </mml:math> and porosity <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> </mml:math> factors <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> </mml:math> The temperature profile is significantly raised by the Biot number <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> </mml:math> thermal radiation <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> </mml:math> and suction factor <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> </mml:math> Moreover, it has been found that entropy increases with radiation <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> </mml:math> but reduces in Brinkman number <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:math> against the Bejan number profile. Our results for a few specific situations were compared with previously published data to establish the validity of the current study, and it was discovered that they were in strong agreement.