Vector vortex beams sorting of 120 modes in visible spectrum

Abstract

Abstract Polarization ( P ), angular index ( l ), and radius index ( p ) are three independent degrees of freedom (DoFs) of vector vortex beams, which have found extensive applications in various domains. While efficient sorting of a single DoF has been achieved successfully, simultaneous sorting of all these DoFs in a compact and efficient manner remains a challenge. In this study, we propose a beam sorter that simultaneously handles all the three DoFs using a diffractive deep neural network (D 2 NN), and demonstrate the robust sorting of 120 Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) modes experimentally in the visible spectrum. Our proposed beam sorter underscores the considerable potential of D 2 NN in optical field manipulation and promises to enhance the diverse applications of vector vortex beams.