Risk factors, outcomes and healthcare utilisation in individuals with multimorbidity including heart failure, chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a national electronic health record study

Abstract

HF, CKD and T2D carry significant mortality and healthcare burden in combination. Compared with other disease pairs, individuals with CKD and HF had the most severe risk factor profile, prognosis and healthcare utilisation. Service planning, policy and prevention must take into account and monitor data across conditions.