Pyro-Phototronic Effect in All-Inorganic Two-Dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper Ferroelectric Perovskite Thin-films and Photodetection

Abstract

Ferroelectric perovskites, where ferroelectricity is embedded in the structure, are being considered for different device applications. In this study, we introduce Cs 2 PbI 2 Cl 2, an all-inorganic 2D Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) halide perovskite, as a ferroelectric material suitable for pyro-phototronic applications. Thin-films of the all-inorganic perovskite are successfully cast, and they demonstrate ferroelectric properties. Unlike hybrid materials, the ferroelectricity in Cs 2 PbI 2 Cl 2 does not rely on the organic moiety possessing an electric dipole moment. Instead, the 2D-layer-forming octahedra are twisted and tilted due to a distortion in the bond lengths, leading to the emergence of spontaneous electric polarization. Based on the properties, we fabricate p - i - n heterojunctions by integrating the perovskite with carrier-transport layers. To determine the band-energies of the materials, scanning tunneling spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy are employed. The band-edges evidence a type-II band-alignment at both interfaces, enabling the material to exhibit both photovoltaic and pyroelectric behaviors when subjected to pulsed illumination. The devices based on the all-inorganic RP perovskite developed in this study exhibit pyro-phototronic effects and serve as self-powered photodetectors without any need for an external bias.