Factors Influencing Generation Z’s Pro-Environmental Behavior towards Indonesia’s Energy Transition

Abstract

The energy transition is essential for combating climate change and achieving sustainability. Generation Z plays a vital role in taking responsibility for environmental concerns, and without rigorous action and support measures, they will be the group most affected by climate change. Their perceptions, attitudes, and actions are crucial to the success of the energy transition. Therefore, this study aims to explore the factors influencing Generation Z’s pro-environmental behavior in order to support the energy transition in Indonesia. The combination of the extended theory of planned behavior and the pro-environmental behavior concept was used as the main framework of this study. Statistical analysis was conducted using partial least square structural equation modeling with SmartlPLS 3.0 software. Quantitative data were collected using a snowball method online questionnaire that was distributed to 400 Generation Z individuals born between 1997 and 2012, who reside in Jakarta, Indonesia. The results indicate that environmental awareness and environmental concern have a positive influence on Generation Z’s attitude towards the energy transition in Indonesia. Attitude and perceived behavioral control positively influence the intention to support the energy transition, whereas perceived behavioral control and intention contribute positively to Generation Z’s pro-environmental behavior. Conversely, the subjective norm exerts no influence on intention. Interventions aimed at enhancing Generation Z’s support for the energy transition should address factors that positively influence pro-environmental behavior. These insights can aid governments, institutions, and stakeholders in devising interventions to increase Generation Z’s engagement in the energy transition and foster the adoption of pro-environmental behavior.