Critical Density for <i>K</i>-Coverage Under Border Effects in Camera Sensor Networks With Irregular Obstacles Existence

Abstract

From the perspective of saving energy, it is important to maintain a desired coverage ratio with a minimum sensor density in camera sensor networks (CSNs). In some actual applications, the Field of Interest (FoI) is often an irregular bounded area with obstacles existence. The existence of obstacles would have an adverse effect on quality of coverage in CSNs. Besides, due to the camera sensor may be located in the boundary of the FoI, it also has influence on the coverage contribution of the camera sensor. In this article, we assume that heterogeneous camera sensors are randomly deployed in a convex polygon FoI with irregular obstacles existence and consider the border effects to derive the critical density (CD) of camera sensors for a desired coverage ratio in CSNs. We propose the concept of occlusion <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -coverage, and present the expected effective possible sensing region to evaluate the coverage contribution of the camera sensor. Next, a series of simulation experiments are conducted to demonstrate the impact of border effects and parameters of camera sensor on the occlusion <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -coverage ratio. The results show that our method can effectively estimate the CD for a desired occlusion <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -coverage ratio.