Rock dynamics in deep mining

TLDR

Rock mass dynamic disasters caused by excavations and mining occur frequently in deep mines. The study aims to develop a theoretical system and control technologies for dynamic disasters in deep mines by classifying and defining events such as rock bursts, coal bursts, mine pressure bumps, and mine earthquakes. The authors develop a compensation control theory based on excavation effects and introduce three key technologies—high prestress compensation for roadways, directional roof‑cutting pressure relief, and broken‑rock‑dilation goaf filling—to form a comprehensive control method for dynamic disasters. The method was successfully applied in a high‑stress deep coal mine, with monitoring confirming its effectiveness and establishing a new concept for preventing rock dynamic disasters.

Abstract

Rock mass dynamics disasters caused by excavations and mining occur frequently in deep mines. In order to establish a theoretical system and control technologies for such disasters, we first classify and define dynamic disasters, such as rock bursts, coal bursts, mine pressure bumps, and mine earthquakes. According to the occurrence mechanism of different types of dynamic disasters, we establish a compensation control theory based on excavation and mining effects. On the basis, we propose three key technologies: high prestress compensation technology for the roadway, pressure relief technology using directional roof cutting, and the goaf filling technology using broken rock dilation. These three technologies constitute the compensation control method for dynamic disasters in deep mines. Finally, this method was successfully applied in a deep coal mine with high stress, with monitored results suggesting its rationality. This work provides a new concept and control method for the prevention of rock dynamic disasters in deep mines.