Evaluation of programmed cell death ligand 1 expression in a contemporary cohort of penile squamous cell carcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathologic and survival parameters: A study of 134 patients

Abstract

Overall, PD-L1 expression is associated with high-grade and metastatic tumors. Lower PD-L1 expression is observed more frequently in HPV-associated (warty or basaloid) subtypes than in other, predominantly HPV-independent types. As a result, PD-L1 positivity, including higher expression, portends lower overall and cancer-specific survival. These data provide a rational for further investigating PD-L1-based immunotherapeutics in PC.