Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Risks and Challenges for Human Health and Environment: An Overview

Abstract

The evolution of Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (ARB) in Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) landfills, hospital wastewater, and poultry farm are explored in-depth in this paper. MSW output has risen significantly in recent years. MSW landfills are the most popular method of MSW disposal. Landfills receive a variety of wastes, including unused and expired antibiotics, as well as bioactive wastes. As a result, MSW provides favorable conditions for the growth of anti