Bremsstrahlung high-frequency gravitational wave signatures of high-scale nonthermal leptogenesis

Abstract

Inflaton seeds nonthermal leptogenesis by pair-producing right-handed neutrinos in the seesaw model. We show that the inevitable graviton bremsstrahlung associated with inflaton decay can be a unique probe of nonthermal leptogenesis. The emitted gravitons contribute to a high-frequency stochastic gravitational waves background with a characteristic fall-off below the peak frequency. Besides leading to a lower bound on the frequency ($f\ensuremath{\gtrsim}{10}^{11}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{Hz}$), the seesaw-perturbativity condition makes the mechanism sensitive to the lightest neutrino mass. For an inflaton mass close to the Planck scale, the gravitational waves contribute to sizeable dark radiation, which is within the projected sensitivity limits of future experiments such as CMB-S4 and CMB-HD.