1c:I[419806,["/_next/static/chunks/bb923814e1f4d2e9.js","/_next/static/chunks/dd3ee9f5b7716ca6.js","/_next/static/chunks/4204a0ae82542ca8.js","/_next/static/chunks/1270dead247da766.js","/_next/static/chunks/6e1aa89a642f40be.js","/_next/static/chunks/2d7aa753e81324a8.js","/_next/static/chunks/8ffd0b71567920d8.js","/_next/static/chunks/67ea6dfd21f16c5f.js","/_next/static/chunks/24eb4379f68013fd.js","/_next/static/chunks/b8cd775ffdf935bd.js","/_next/static/chunks/983103cd9eb7b428.js","/_next/static/chunks/263f2cdcb9aa2341.js","/_next/static/chunks/294b9525248c8e5f.js"],"default"] 1d:T43e,Solid understanding of current induced torques is key to the development of current and voltage controlled magnetization dynamics in ultrathin magnetic heterostructures. To evaluate the size and direction of such torques, or effective fields, a number of methods have been employed. Here we examine the adiabatic (low frequency) harmonic Hall voltage measurement that has been used to study the effective field. We derive an analytical formula for the harmonic Hall voltages to evaluate the effective field for both out of plane and in-plane magnetized systems. The formula agrees with numerical calculations based on a macrospin model. Two different in-plane magnetized films, Pt|CoFeB|MgO and CuIr|CoFeB|MgO are studied using the formula developed. The effective field obtained for the latter system shows relatively good agreement with that estimated using a spin torque switching phase diagram measurements reported previously. Our results illustrate the versatile applicability of harmonic Hall voltage measurement for studying current induced torques in magnetic heterostructures.1e:T500,Yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films that are in the nanometer thickness range and show extremely low damping are reported. The films were deposited via sputtering at room temperature and were then annealed in O

$_{2}$

at high temperature. A 22-nm-thick YIG film showed a Gilbert damping constant

$\alpha = (8.58\pm 0.21)\times 10^{-5}$

, which represents the lowest damping ever reported for nanometer-thick magnetic films. The film had a gyromagnetic ratio of

$\vert\gamma \vert = 2.83$

MHz/Oe and a saturation induction of

$4\pi M_{\rm s} = 1766$

G, which are both very close to those of single-crystal YIG bulk materials. The film had a very smooth surface, with an rms surface roughness of about 0.13 nm.

	Year	Citations

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